摘要 :
There was a significant power relationship between the years to extinction and population size, but if the data were analysed in two periods, 1972-1989 and 1990-1999, the relationship was only significant for the second period. Th...
展开
There was a significant power relationship between the years to extinction and population size, but if the data were analysed in two periods, 1972-1989 and 1990-1999, the relationship was only significant for the second period. There was no relationship between time to extinction and per capita annual rate of increase (k), although values of k were unusually low in the last two years before extinction. Time to extinction was not related to mean length, mean mass or the condition of the fish. 8. The results suggest that the indicators of impending extinction may vary with the causes of extinction and may be ambiguous, even when a long time-series of demographic data is available.
收起
摘要 :
More than 20 organisations use Conservation Action Planning (CAP), Healthy Country Planning and the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation in over 140 projects, covering almost 160 million ha across Australia. This review...
展开
More than 20 organisations use Conservation Action Planning (CAP), Healthy Country Planning and the Open Standards for the Practice of Conservation in over 140 projects, covering almost 160 million ha across Australia. This review documents the history, evolution and application of CAP in Australia and discusses its strengths, limitations and lessons learnt by users, including conservation planners, practitioners and policymakers.
收起
摘要 :
The IUCN Red List of threatened species is biased towards vertebrate animals, a major limitation on its utility for overall biodiversity assessment. There is a need to increase the representation of invertebrates (currently 21 % o...
展开
The IUCN Red List of threatened species is biased towards vertebrate animals, a major limitation on its utility for overall biodiversity assessment. There is a need to increase the representation of invertebrates (currently 21 % of species assessed on the List; < 1 % of all invertebrates). A prioritisation system of terrestrial and freshwater groups is presented here, categorising taxa by species richness, assessment practicality, value for human land use and bioindication, and potential to act as conservation flagships. 25 major taxonomic groupings were identified as priorities, including the Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, and Onycophora. Of these, the high-level taxa that emerge as highest priorities are Odonata (dragonflies and damselflies), Araneae (spiders), Mantophasmatodea (heelwalkers), Plecoptera (stoneflies), non-marine Mollusca (Bivalvia and Gastropoda), Trichoptera (caddisflies), Coleoptera (beetles), Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies), Oligochaetes (earthworms), Orthoptera (grasshoppers and crickets), Decapoda (crayfish, crabs, shrimps) and Diptera (flies). Of these Red Listing is well advanced for Decapoda, freshwater Mollusca and Odonata. This leaves eight higher taxa with currently a minimum or patchy Red List assessment coverage. We recommend that Red List assessments in future focus on these groups, as well as completion of assessments for terrestrial Molluscs and Odonata. However, we also recommend realism, and as some of groups are very large, it will be necessary to focus on subsets such as certain functionally important or charismatic taxa or on a sampled subset which is representative of a larger taxon
收起
摘要 :
Purpose - The paper aims to analyse and compare how UK and Singapore deal with compensation with respect to regulation of land (short of a physical taking). The purpose is to determine whether the noncompensation in each jurisdict...
展开
Purpose - The paper aims to analyse and compare how UK and Singapore deal with compensation with respect to regulation of land (short of a physical taking). The purpose is to determine whether the noncompensation in each jurisdiction is justified. Design/methodology/approach - A comparative method using case law, statutes and secondary material across both jurisdictions (as well as some US case law) is adopted. Findings - Both the UK and Singapore do not provide compensation when land is affected by regulation, so long as a physical taking has not occurred. Partly because of the abolition of development rights in the UK since 1947, this position may be justified. Conversely, Singapore's Master Plan seeks a great deal of public reliance and advertises development potential, and non-compensation is not defensible. Originality/value - There is very limited analysis on regulatory effects of land in the UK, and virtually none in Singapore. This would also be the first attempt to compare this aspect of the UK and Singapore's planning regime.
收起
摘要 :
Planning for protected area networks is often done on an ad hoc basis, especially in data-poor countries. Afghanistan, a country mired in conflict for the past 30 years, has little of the relevant data to plan a protected area net...
展开
Planning for protected area networks is often done on an ad hoc basis, especially in data-poor countries. Afghanistan, a country mired in conflict for the past 30 years, has little of the relevant data to plan a protected area network, and security concerns hinder collection of new data. However, conservation of Afghanistan's natural resources will be critical to recovery efforts. To assist Afghanistan in planning for its protected area network, we conducted an analysis to identify ecologically important areas for conservation. We overlaid data from ecoregion, floral, and faunal analyses on a grid map of Afghanistan (313 cells each 2500 km2), and used a ranking system to determine those cells containing diverse and/or threatened ecosystems. A color gradation was applied to each cell (white - least diverse to black - most diverse) to produce a map visually depicting ecological diversity across Afghanistan. Those cells with the highest scores were labeled as Priority Zones - defined as areas in which Afghanistan should prioritize conservation activities for protected area designation. Our results formed the basis of the National Protected Area System Plan of Afghanistan, a document setting quantitative protected area targets and outlining a concrete plan of action for the designation of a protected area network. We found the Priority Zone model to be useful in helping Government partners locate areas potentially important for conservation and prioritize activities for protected area designation. This process may be useful for other conflict or post-conflict countries working to establish protected area networks in a data deficient environment.Digital Object Identifier http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2012.01.021
收起
摘要 :
This paper presents a comparative study of conservation planning practice between Chester, England and Qingyan, China. It examines conservation policies and plans in the two cities, and aims to contribute to current international ...
展开
This paper presents a comparative study of conservation planning practice between Chester, England and Qingyan, China. It examines conservation policies and plans in the two cities, and aims to contribute to current international debates surrounding heritage management. Three key dimensions of conservation planning are identified and applied to the cases: the planning tools delivering conservation; the recognition of heritage; and conservation objectives and principles pursued. The analysis reveals that enduring socio-cultural and institutional specificities contribute to moulding approaches to conservation planning. Understanding such contextual specificities and distinctiveness is essential for international exchanges of experience around conservation planning.
收起
摘要 :
To promote more effective recovery planning for species listed under the U. S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Society for Conservation Biology sponsored a systematic review of a large sample of ESA recovery plans. The review wa...
展开
To promote more effective recovery planning for species listed under the U. S. Endangered Species Act (ESA), the Society for Conservation Biology sponsored a systematic review of a large sample of ESA recovery plans. The review was conducted in collaboration with the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, and 19 universities. We describe the genesis of the project and the development of the resulting database of information on ESA recovery plans. The project's primary goals were to characterize the content and attributes of recovery plans; to identify important differences, patterns, and trends among plans; and to use these results to develop recommendations for the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service for improving recovery plans. We review key findings from published analyses of the project database and offer prioritized recommendations for improving recovery-plan development and implementation. First, the use of science in recovery-plan development and implementation could be improved by making threats a primary focus of plans, specifying adequate monitoring tasks for species status and recovery tasks, and ensuring that species trend data are current, quantitative, and documented. Second, recovery-plan structure and development could be enhanced by keeping authorship teams small yet diverse, making existing administrative designations more biologically relevant, improving and standardizing the revision process, and reevaluating the use of multispecies plans. Third, agency resources and personnel could be better utilized by developing new recovery plan guidelines, assigning personnel explicit responsibility for overseeing plan implementation, expanding personnel training, and tracking expenditures in recovery programs. And fourth, several generic failings in the field of conservation biology could be addressed by reducing taxonomic bias and by collecting and fully integrating key biological information into recovery plans. The recovery-plan project offers a model of how professional societies, universities, and government agencies can work together beneficially to address key issues in conservation biology. [References: 39]
收起
摘要 :
While marine environments are three-dimensional (3D) in nature, current approaches and tools for planning and prioritising actions in the ocean are predominantly two dimensional. Here, we develop a novel 3D marine spatial conserva...
展开
While marine environments are three-dimensional (3D) in nature, current approaches and tools for planning and prioritising actions in the ocean are predominantly two dimensional. Here, we develop a novel 3D marine spatial conservation prioritisation approach, which explicitly accounts for the inherent vertical heterogeneity of the ocean. This enables both vertical and horizontal spatial prioritisation to be performed simultaneously. To our knowledge, this is the first endeavour to develop prioritisation of conservation actions in 3D. We applied the 3D spatial conservation prioritisation approach to the Mediterranean Sea as a case study. We first subdivided the Mediterranean Sea into 3D planning units by assigning them a z coordinate (representing depth). We further partitioned these 3D planning units vertically into three depth layers; this allowed us to quantify biodiversity (1,011 species and 19 geomorphic features) and the cost of conservation actions at different depths. We adapted the prioritisation software Marxan to identify 3D networks of sites where biodiversity conservation targets are achieved for the minimum cost. Using the 3D approach presented here, we identified networks of sites where conservation targets for all biodiversity features were achieved. Importantly, these networks included areas of the ocean where only particular depth layers along the water column were identified as priorities for conservation. The 3D approach also proved to be more cost-efficient than the traditional 2D approach. Spatial priorities within the networks of sites selected were considerably different when comparing the 2D and 3D approaches. Prioritising in 3D allows conservation and marine spatial planners to target specific threats to specific conservation features, at specific depths in the ocean. This provides a platform to further integrate systematic conservation planning into the wider ongoing and future marine spatial planning and ocean zoning processes.
收起
摘要 :
Planning for management actions that address threats to biodiversity is important for securing its long term persistence. However, systematic conservation planning (SCP) has traditionally overlooked this aspect and just focused on...
展开
Planning for management actions that address threats to biodiversity is important for securing its long term persistence. However, systematic conservation planning (SCP) has traditionally overlooked this aspect and just focused on identifying priority areas without any recommendation on actions needed. This paper develops a mixed integer mathematical programming (MIP) approach for the multi-action management planning problem (MAMP), where the goal is to find an optimal combination of management actions that abate threats, in an efficient way while accounting for connectivity. An extended version of the MAMP model (MAMP-E) is also proposed that adds an expression for minimizing fragmentation between different actions. To evaluate the efficiency of the two models, they were applied to a case study corresponding to a large area of the Mitchell River in Northern Australia, where 45 species of freshwater fish are exposed to the presence of four threats. The evaluation compares our exact MIP approach with the conservation planning software Marxan and the heuristic approach developed in Cattarino et al. (2015). The results obtained show that our MIP models have three advantages over their heuristic counterparts: shorter execution times, higher solutions quality, and a solution quality guarantee. Hence, the proposed MIP methodology provides a more effective framework for addressing the multi-action conservation problem.
收起
摘要 :
Spatial conservation prioritization concerns the effective allocation of conservation action. Its stages include development of an ecologically based model of conservation value, data pre-processing, spatial prioritization analysi...
展开
Spatial conservation prioritization concerns the effective allocation of conservation action. Its stages include development of an ecologically based model of conservation value, data pre-processing, spatial prioritization analysis, and interpretation of results for conservation action. Here we investigate the details of each stage for analyses done using the Zonation prioritization framework. While there is much literature about analytical methods implemented in Zonation, there is only scattered information available about what happens before and after the computational analysis. Here we fill this information gap by summarizing the pre-analysis and post-analysis stages of the Zonation framework. Concerning the entire process, we summarize the full workflow and list examples of operational best-case, worst-case, and typical scenarios for each analysis stage. We discuss resources needed in different analysis stages. We also discuss benefits, disadvantages, and risks involved in the application of spatial prioritization from the perspective of different stakeholders. Concerning pre-analysis stages, we explain the development of the ecological model and discuss the setting of priority weights and connectivity responses. We also explain practical aspects of data pre-processing and the post-processing interpretation of results for different conservation objectives. This work facilitates well-informed design and application of Zonation analyses for the purpose of spatial conservation planning. It should be useful for both scientists working on conservation related research as well as for practitioners looking for useful tools for conservation resource allocation.
收起
原文获取